Common Terms of Photography

Ok, been hearing alot of newbies or aspiring photographers who actually either get them wrong or was thoroughly confused by them. So I am going to put them here,
 
Aperture - the aperture is a hole in which light went through in optic's term. Well, the aperture opening is made up of blades (not the one that can kill you) in the lens. For fully manual lens, there is a control ring on the lens for you to tune which aperture you want, for some of the older automatic nikon lens, they have it too. For fully automatic lenses the aperture opening of a lens can be controlled from the camera itself. Aperture is usually presented as f-value. The bigger the f-value the smaller the aperture opening.
 
Aperture when opened wider would have narrower or shallower Depth of Field (which mean lesser area of a scene is in focus), while aperture when narrower have deeper Depth of Field (which mean more area are in focus).
 
(e.g. f2.8 - small area of a scene are in focus - sharp. f32 - big area or the entire scene are in focus).
 
ISO - International Standard Organization (serious!). Anyway, in photography or camera case, the ISO value was a standardise measurement of the sensitivity of your sensor or film to light. The higher the ISO value the more sensitive the sensor or film was to light. This is important in the case whereby a flash is not allow and you are to shoot at terrible lighting, when you raise your ISO value, you can actually achieve good enough shutter speed and aperture opening to capture an image. What is bad... the higher the ISO value of your sensor, the more noise on your photo.
 
Noise - noise in photography are not the thing that you hear that can be real annoying. Although noise is equally annoying though. Noise normally looked like fine or coarse grains in your photos, some with varying colors (usually red). They can be distracting and they make your photos lose details and sharpness. However noise can be pleasing to the eyes too, if you know how to manipulate them... it will give you some touch of vintage quality.

Shutter Speed - This is the speed in which your shutter opened and closed. You need to open your shutter and expose the sensor to light coming through from the lens in order to capture a pic. So the faster the shutter opened and close, the lesser the light was to hit the surface of your sensor at a given amount of time.
 
Fast shutter speed will freeze motion, while slow shutter speed will give you a more blurry pic of moving object. However at time, you need to achieve slow shutter speed, one typical usage was to create a soft silky feel to moving water. Another was when you are taking landscape shot with very small aperture opening so you need the shutter to be opened longer to allow more light to hit the sensor.
  
These are the few terms that should get you started in photography. Later on, I will start adding terms for items like filter (screw in or square), flash, etc.